The high misdiagnosis rate is clear evidence that the distinction of IPD from APD remains a challenge to clinicians, despite the advent of new technological advancements in medicine ( 13, 14). Approximately 50–70% of CBD patients are never diagnosed by primary neurologists, only 75% of PSP patents are clinically diagnosed by specialists, and only 50% of MSA patients are diagnosed correctly by primary neurologists ( 10– 12). One of the reasons identified as accounting for misdiagnosis is the failure to recognize APD ( 9). Misdiagnosis of IPD, especially in its early stages, can be as high as 20–30%. Furthermore, in the field of research, distinguishing between these disorders is vital, as firm conclusions from studies can only be made if the sample populations are as homogenous as possible ( 2). The differences between these forms of parkinsonian disorders in terms of prognosis and management have led to the recognition that it is important to distinguish between these disease entities. APDs have more severe symptoms, exhibit more complications, progress more rapidly, and consequently lead to a shorter survival time than IPD ( 6– 8). Atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD), also known as “Parkinson-plus syndromes,” such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD), account for about 10–20% of parkinsonian disorders ( 5). Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide ( 4) and the most common disease entity in this group of disorders. Parkinsonian disorders comprise a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative diseases that manifest the core symptoms of parkinsonism, which include bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, loss of postural reflexes, flexed posture, and freezing of gait ( 1– 3). However, this score is not able to distinguish a particular form of APD from other forms of the disorder. A GTE score of ≤9 distinguished IPD patients from those with APD (p < 0.01) with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 33.3%.Ĭonclusion: The modified GTE score can distinguish patients with IPD from those with CBD, PSP or MSA at a cut-off score of 9 with excellent sensitivity but poor specificity. However, none of these differences were statistically significant. IPD patients had the lowest mean GTE score, followed those with CBD or MSA, while PSP patients scored the highest. Results: We analyzed data from 76 patients with a final diagnosis of either IPD, probable corticobasal degeneration (CBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), or progressive supra-nuclear palsy (PSP). A modified grand total EEG (GTE) score evaluating the posterior background activity, and diffuse and focal slow wave activities was used in further analyses. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive retrospective review of charts was performed to include patients with parkinsonian disorders who had at least one EEG recording available. Purpose: To study whether a semi-quantitative EEG analysis can aid in distinguishing idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) from atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs), and furthermore, whether it can help to distinguish between APDs. 2Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japanīackground: Semi-quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis is easy to perform and has been used to differentiate dementias, as well as idiopathic and vascular Parkinson's disease.1Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.Please kindly check for once.Ela Austria Barcelon 1,2 *, Takahiko Mukaino 1, Jun Yokoyama 1, Taira Uehara 2, Katsuya Ogata 2, Jun-ichi Kira 1 and Shozo Tobimatsu 2 Could you please have a look with before my ask. oupby().count()Įxpected Output: Row Labels Actionable Duplicate Informative Non-actionable Grand Total But some where i stuck and couldn't make my deserved output. I was trying to make a sub totals and grand totals for a data.
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